…and thromboembolic disorders. Most recognised heritable cardiovascular conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in which an affected heterozygous individual has a 50% risk of transmitting the…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and Pathophysiology Vasovagal syncope represents the most common form of neurally mediated syncope (NMS), a disorder of autonomic reflexes. It…

…an inherited disorder characterized by persistently elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) from early life and a consequent excess risk of premature atherosclerotic…

…make later episodes more severe and lower the seizure threshold [6]. This explains why a history of previous withdrawal seizures or delirium tremens is one…

…A notch is evident in the ascending part of the ST segment. A male patient (Figure 1) presented at age 36 years with an ECG…

…Electrolyte disorders, acidosis, hypoxemia and ischemia all aggravate the risk of developing ventricular fibrillation, in any situation. ECG features of ventricular fibrillation The ECG shows…

…The T wave is negative (inverted). Early repolarization pattern Early repolarization occurs in 5% to 10% of all males. It is less common among women …

…follow. Consider people with the genetic disorder familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which is caused by genetic mutations affecting the elimination of LDL cholesterol from the blood…

…Identification of a coronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy, except in type 2 and type 3 MI. A diagnosis of MI should not be made…

…with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Preeclampsia Preterm delivery Gestational diabetes Small for gestational age delivery Placental…