…P2 (middle scallop), and P3 (posterior or lateral scallop). Figure 1. Anatomy of the mitral valve The leaflets are connected to the papillary muscles via…

…or other ECG changes (see below) should lead to a suspicion of ARVC. The gradual loss of myocardium leads to ventricular dilation and right heart…

…Right ventricular infarction. Ebstein's anomaly (Figure 1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the…

…of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results in right ventricular volume overload, which gradually causes right…

…in increased intramural pressure in the right ventricle, which is counteracted by dilatation of the ventricle. Dilatation of the right ventricle results in reduced intraventricular…

…stenosis results in increased right atrial pressure, which subsequently causes right atrial dilation. Vena cava inferior may also dilate secondarily. Principles of management Medical therapies…

…of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or…

…7 ). The explanation for this is as follows: The vector resulting from activation of the right ventricle does not come to expression , because it is…

…Hypertrophy and dilatation Atrial enlargement: left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) and right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during…

…showing left and right ventricular hypertrophy. Next chapter Biventricular Hypertrophy Related chapters Overview of Hypertrophy and Dilatation Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Atrial Hypertrophy and Dilatation (P…