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Terminology of sudden cardiac arrest and resuscitation

…as well as possibly ventilation and automatic external defibrillator (AED). Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) : Return of mechanical cardiac function resulting in circulation with pulse…

Basic cardiac pacing, pacemaker functions and settings

…an external device that communicates wirelessly with the pacemaker. A wide range of settings can be adjusted. These settings include the base rate of the…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…other ECG changes (see below) should lead to a suspicion of ARVC. The gradual loss of myocardium leads to ventricular dilation and right heart failure…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…Right ventricular infarction. Ebstein's anomaly (Figure 1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…right ventricular outflow tract) become dilated, which further agravates the regurgitation. The proximal portion of the pulmonary artery may also be dilated in patients with…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…in increased intramural pressure in the right ventricle, which is counteracted by dilatation of the ventricle. Dilatation of the right ventricle results in reduced intraventricular…

Mitral valve stenosis

…the right ventricle and right atrium, leading to right heart hypertrophy, dilation and ultimately right heart failure. Echocardiography in mitral stenosis Echocardiographic assessment of mitral…

Tricuspid stenosis

…stenosis results in increased right atrial pressure, which subsequently causes right atrial dilation. Vena cava inferior may also dilate secondarily. Principles of management Medical therapies…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…10 mL with sodium chloride) before intravenous titration. Half of all opioid dosing errors arise at the dilution step, and an undiluted syringe of 10…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…7 ). The explanation for this is as follows: The vector resulting from activation of the right ventricle does not come to expression , because it is…

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