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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…lead to a suspicion of ARVC. The gradual loss of myocardium leads to ventricular dilation and right heart failure. Biventricular heart failure is less common…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…Right ventricular infarction. Ebstein's anomaly (Figure 1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…into the right ventricle during diastole. The most common cause of abnormal pulmonary regurgitation is pulmonary hypertension. Table 1 presents the causes of pulmonary regurgitation…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…in increased intramural pressure in the right ventricle, which is counteracted by dilatation of the ventricle. Dilatation of the right ventricle results in reduced intraventricular…

Tricuspid stenosis

…stenosis results in increased right atrial pressure, which subsequently causes right atrial dilation. Vena cava inferior may also dilate secondarily. Principles of management Medical therapies…

Mitral valve stenosis

…the right ventricle and right atrium, leading to right heart hypertrophy, dilation and ultimately right heart failure. Echocardiography in mitral stenosis Echocardiographic assessment of mitral…

Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): ECG criteria & clinical characteristics

…is very common. Figure 2. Two ECGs showing left and right ventricular hypertrophy. Next chapter Biventricular Hypertrophy Related chapters Overview of Hypertrophy and Dilatation Left…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…mitrale, because mitral valve disease is a common cause (Figure 1). The duration of the P wave will exceed 120 milliseconds in lead II. Biatrial…

Atrial and ventricular enlargement: hypertrophy and dilatation on ECG

…left ventricular enlargement, right ventricular enlargement and atrial enlargement. Below follows a discussion on the principles and differences of dilatation and hypertrophy, as well as…

Terminology of sudden cardiac arrest and resuscitation

…circulatory flow arrest. No flow time : The duration (minutes) from circulatory collapse to initiation of CPR. During no flow there is no cerebral perfusion and…

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