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Opioid therapy in severe pain

…Choice of agent Situation Choice Reason : : : An opioid naive adult with normal renal function Morphine The reference drug, with the greatest experience eGFR 30–60…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…or other ECG changes (see below) should lead to a suspicion of ARVC. The gradual loss of myocardium leads to ventricular dilation and right heart…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…Right ventricular infarction. Ebstein's anomaly (Figure 1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…right ventricular outflow tract) become dilated, which further agravates the regurgitation. The proximal portion of the pulmonary artery may also be dilated in patients with…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…size and form of the thrombus, it will occlude the main pulmonary artery or its branches. The larger the thrombus, the more proximal the occlusion…

Mitral valve stenosis

…either LCX or the right coronary artery (RCA). For details, refer to chapter The Coronary Arteries. Mitral valve disease A wide range of conditions may…

Tricuspid stenosis

…Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…7 ). The explanation for this is as follows: The vector resulting from activation of the right ventricle does not come to expression , because it is…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…Hypertrophy and dilatation Atrial enlargement: left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) and right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during…

Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): ECG criteria & clinical characteristics

…showing left and right ventricular hypertrophy. Next chapter Biventricular Hypertrophy Related chapters Overview of Hypertrophy and Dilatation Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Atrial Hypertrophy and Dilatation (P…

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