…the left atrial appendage (LAA). The LAA is a highly trabeculated, windsock like embryonic remnant that exhibits uniquely low flow velocities during the loss of…

…of fraction of left ventricular volume ejected per beat and of ventricular end diastolic and residual volumes. Experimental and clinical observations with a precordial dilution…

…reference to the intravenous antihypertensive drugs used in a hypertensive emergency. It summarises the mechanism of action, the onset, the duration of effect, the dosing…

…prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left…

…mitral regurgitation, ventricular dilatation, myocardial wall stress and subendocardial ischemia. Neurohormonal activation and vascular and renal abnormalities contribute to sodium and water retention. The interaction…

…The presence of mitral stenosis, a mechanical heart valve or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart failure, hypertension, diabetes and vascular disease. Age and sex category. Renal and…

…with an increased bleeding risk Renal thresholds: a DOAC is given at an eGFR 30 mL/min. At an eGFR of 15–30 mL/min…

…Causes of hypocalcemia Acute pancreatitis, pancreas surgery, alkalosis (hyperventilation), rhabdomyolysis, septicemia (sepsis), osteolytic cancer metastases, abnormal calcium absorption (gastrointestinal) and resorption (from primary urine), renal…

…transient ischemic attack or stroke, and initiation of renal replacement therapy. The study found no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to…

…sinus rate and P wave duration are minimally changed. The sinus rate may decrease in heart failure patients whose left ventricular performance is improved by…