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Arrhythmias before and during cardiac arrest

…patients with an initial shockable rhythm, compressions and ventilation can extend the duration of the shockable rhythm by several minutes, allowing for EMS or bystanders…

Exercise Electrocardiographic Testing: Indications, Limitations and Interpretation

…ischaemia, may indicate exercise induced global left ventricular dysfunction. Exercise testing also provides physiological information independent of ischaemia. Maximal exercise capacity, expressed by exercise duration…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…obstruction) of the left main coronary artery (LAD) or 2 epicardial coronary arteries (Felker et al). Left ventricular dilation entails a markedly elevated risk of…

Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

…with left ventricular dilation. This type of cardiomyopathy, referred to as tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy , can be caused by any tachyarrhythmia leading to prolonged periods of…

Mitral regurgitation

…may also lead to left ventricular dilation, which is referred to as ischemic cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy). Ventricular dilation leads to dilation of the mitral annulus…

Mitral valve stenosis

…leads to atrial hypertrophy and dilation. Atrial dilation causes a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The increase in left atrial pressure may also propagate…

Aortic regurgitation

…in the left ventricle and left atrium. Chronic aortic regurgitation leads to dilatation and hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Cardiac remodeling Ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…score of ≥2 (excluding sex) is a Class I indication for OAC. Bleeding Risk Assessment: HAS BLED Score Bleeding risk must be quantified using validated…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the right ventricle. Dilatation of the right atrium. Pulmonary hypertension. Left to right…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…ventricle, which is counteracted by dilatation of the ventricle. Dilatation of the right ventricle results in reduced intraventricular pressure and thereby reduced myoardial load. Pulmonary…

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