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Mitral regurgitation

…may also lead to left ventricular dilation, which is referred to as ischemic cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy). Ventricular dilation leads to dilation of the mitral annulus…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…lead to ventricular dilation. However, the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke…

Mitral valve stenosis

…leads to atrial hypertrophy and dilation. Atrial dilation causes a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The increase in left atrial pressure may also propagate…

Aortic regurgitation

…because cardiac output diminishes in parallel with increasing myocardial load (and hence oxygen demand). The most common causes of acute aortic regurgitation are aortic dissection…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…ventricle. Dilatation of the right atrium. Pulmonary hypertension. Left to right shunt. Right ventricular dysfunction due to pressure/volume overload is the most common cause…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…overlap with risk factors for DVT; immobilisation, surgery, hypercoagulability, and pregnancy are common risk factors (see Risk factors below). A significant proportion of cases with…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…functionally and morphologically normal on echocardiography and cardiac MRI during the first two decades of life. The most common initial presentation is palpitations or syncope…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left…

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