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Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, certain other tachyarrhythmias predispose to…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cardiovascular risk condition. It is associated with a two to four fold increase in…

🟠 Calculate CHADS-VASc Score and evaluate indication for anticoagulation

…D: Diabetes Mellitus (1 point) S: Prior Stroke or TIA or thromboembolism (2 points) V: Vascular disease (1 point) A: Age 65 to 74 years…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood pressure…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…refers to clinically significant atherosclerotic disease affecting two or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with or without diabetes Heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum, according to the guideline key points Patients with…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Dyslipidaemia, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other adverse influences disturb these functions. The resulting endothelial dysfunction promotes inappropriate vasoconstriction, adhesion of circulating cells, inflammatory…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…dyslipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus Reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms Facilitate return to work and appropriate recreational or sporting activity Limit recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular morbidity…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…also be considered at increased cardiovascular risk without a calculated SCORE2 or SCORE2 OP estimate when certain clinical conditions are present. These include diabetes mellitus…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…Restenosis was more likely with: Small reference vessel diameter A small post procedural lumen Substantial residual stenosis Long lesions Diabetes mellitus Untreated edge dissection Components…

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