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Pre-excitation, Atrioventricular Reentrant (Reentry) Tachycardia (AVRT), Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome

…which delays the impulse due to its slow conduction, before the impulse may reach the ventricles. The physiological advantages of this configuration have been discussed…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…obstructive coronary lesion without avoidable delay. In contrast, haemodynamically stable patients without ST segment elevation after successful resuscitation from out of hospital cardiac arrest should…

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…and an antiproliferative agent. Their development has improved procedural safety, reduced repeat revascularization, and broadened the range of lesions amenable to PCI. Stent selection must…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals without established clinical CVD. It differs from primordial prevention, which seeks to prevent the development of cardiovascular…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…examination The use of echocardiography has increased dramatically during the past few decades. Advances in echocardiography have been propelled by breakthroughs in engineering, software development…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…the primary distinction being the exclusion of sex parameter (female sex) as a risk factor. Rationale for the development of CHA₂DS₂ VA The CHA₂DS₂ VASc…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…the recovery of time dependent inward currents. This process creates early afterdepolarisations (EADs) that generate premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and increases transmural dispersion of repolarisation…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…wave inversions and often by the development of Q waves in the same lead distribution [15]. Differential Diagnosis of ST Elevation Several nonischemic conditions can…

Hypertriglyceridaemia: Management and Cardiovascular Risk

…relationship between triglyceride concentrations and aortic disease is less clearly defined, although triglycerides may contribute to the development and progression of aortic pathology. Severe HTG…

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