…haemodynamic responses, arrhythmias and prognosis, with diagnostic interpretation reserved for appropriately selected patients. Pathophysiological basis Exercise progressively increases myocardial oxygen demand through increases in heart…

…This article will deal with the physiology of exercise and emphasis will be placed on myocardial oxygen consumption and the development of myocardial ischemia during…

…in parallel with increased oxygen consumption during exercise. Thus, supply and demand are balanced and no ischemia occurs. (Some individuals display a benign form of…

…patients with total and proximal occlusions may present without ST segment elevations (which they should exhibit) due to rich collateral circulation in the ischemic area…

…initially stabilize and subsequently develop recurrent angina, recurrent ischaemic ECG changes, biomarker evidence of myocardial necrosis, or severe ischaemia on stress testing. Such developments may…

…Their development has improved procedural safety, reduced repeat revascularization, and broadened the range of lesions amenable to PCI. Stent selection must nevertheless be integrated with…

…to prevent the development of cardiovascular risk factors themselves, and from secondary prevention, which addresses patients with established disease to reduce recurrent events and mortality…

…software development, and progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. Ultrasound systems have become cheaper, more portable, more powerful, equipped with an…

…AF patients. Evidence suggests that the increased stroke risk in women is more closely associated with other comorbidities and age rather than sex alone. Consequently…

…or the development of an entirely new arrhythmia. Electrophysiologic mechanisms of proarrhythmia include prolongation of repolarisation, increased transmural dispersion, EAD mediated TdP, and alterations in…