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Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…secondary hypertension may be curable when its cause is clearly established and removed. Cure is not universal, however. Delayed recognition may permit vascular remodelling and…

Levosimendan (Simdax, Simendan) in acute heart failure

…and initiation of renal replacement therapy. The study found no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to either the primary or secondary…

Right bundle branch block (RBBB): ECG, criteria, definitions, causes & treatment

…directed anteriorly and rightward. Due to the abnormal depolarization sequence of the right ventricle in RBBB, repolarization is also abnormal, leading to secondary ST T…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…of the bleeding clinically Signs of major or ongoing bleeding are: hypotension or a postural drop tachycardia a cold periphery and delayed capillary refill confusion…

Left bundle branch block (LBBB): ECG criteria, causes, management

…briefly delayed to allow adequate ventricular filling. The impulse then travels through the Bundle of His, which bifurcates into the left bundle branch (LBB) and…

Inclisiran and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Agents

…post event period is particularly vulnerable, and delayed intensification of lipid lowering therapy may leave patients exposed to avoidable risk. Contemporary guidance therefore supports an…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…1 to 2 hours. Oral onset is delayed, typically requiring 2 to 3 days, and often 1 to 3 weeks or occasionally longer; loading doses…

Sotalol: Initiation, QT Monitoring and Renal Dosing

…adrenoceptors and lacks sodium channel blocking activity, meaning it exerts no membrane stabilizing effects. The class III antiarrhythmic effect is achieved by blocking the delayed…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…intermittent failures to discharge impulses). Sinoatrial block (delayed or blocked impulse conduction between the sinoatrial node and the atrium). All these conditions have been discussed…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…phenotype later and require delayed or individualized assessment. Disease specific genetic architecture HCM is predominantly associated with variants affecting sarcomeric proteins, particularly MYH7 and MYBPC3…

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