…Collectively, they affect approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and are major contributors to maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their incidence has increased…

…the defibrillation threshold, though it typically does not slow ventricular tachycardia (VT) rates. It may also be effective in fetal, pediatric patients, and young adults…

…Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of 0.1°C/min during the cooling process. Malignant hyperthermia Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under…

…that tacked down dissection flaps, counteracted elastic recoil, reduced emergency vessel closure and decreased the need for emergency CABG. Metal only stents, now termed BMS…

…higher doses, vasoconstriction may occur, accompanied by decreased venous capacitance and an elevation in right atrial pressure. Levosimendan represents a distinct class of inodilator. It…

…control. Proposed mechanisms include: Reduction in glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration Decreased tubular energy demand and oxygen consumption Natriuresis and diuresis Reduction in plasma volume, preload…

…a structurally normal heart. During an episode, decreased cardiac output and a potential paradoxical vasodilation with hypotension occur, often accompanied by bradycardia. Most cases involve…

…Doppler. It can be illustrated by studying how the frequency of reflected sound waves are modified by the direction of movement of the sound source…

…changes. Specific electrolyte disorders 1. Sodium Increased (hypernatremia) and decreased (hyponatremia) sodium levels do not have any effect on the ECG, nor cardiac rhythm, or…

…to reduce its risk. VSR incidence has decreased from approximately 1–2% without reperfusion to about 0.2% in the reperfusion era. Clinical presentation and…