…Collectively, they affect approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and are major contributors to maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their incidence has increased…

…the defibrillation threshold, though it typically does not slow ventricular tachycardia (VT) rates. It may also be effective in fetal, pediatric patients, and young adults…

…Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of 0.1°C/min during the cooling process. Malignant hyperthermia Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under…

…that tacked down dissection flaps, counteracted elastic recoil, reduced emergency vessel closure and decreased the need for emergency CABG. Metal only stents, now termed BMS…

…higher doses, vasoconstriction may occur, accompanied by decreased venous capacitance and an elevation in right atrial pressure. Levosimendan represents a distinct class of inodilator. It…

…control. Proposed mechanisms include: Reduction in glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration Decreased tubular energy demand and oxygen consumption Natriuresis and diuresis Reduction in plasma volume, preload…

…a structurally normal heart. During an episode, decreased cardiac output and a potential paradoxical vasodilation with hypotension occur, often accompanied by bradycardia. Most cases involve…

…Doppler. It can be illustrated by studying how the frequency of reflected sound waves are modified by the direction of movement of the sound source…

…amplitude decreases. The P wave may be difficult to discern. Refer to Figure 1 . The PR interval is prolonged. Occasionally sinoatrial (SA) block, second o

…to reduce its risk. VSR incidence has decreased from approximately 1–2% without reperfusion to about 0.2% in the reperfusion era. Clinical presentation and…

…Similarly, a decrease in afterload (e.g by means of decreased resistance in the systemic circulation) leads to an increase in ejection fraction. The opposites…

…further classified based on the intensity of tracer uptake and associated myocardial changes: Mild defects : Characterized by decreased tracer counts while preserving normal wall thickness…

…However, a second degree sinoatrial block may be diagnosed using conventional ECG. Causes of sinoatrial (SA) block The following conditions cause sinoatrial block: Sinus node…

…any retrieval: it begins when someone in the intensive care unit identifies a possible donor and the deceased person's own wishes are properly established…

CPR Accidental hypothermia Accidental hypothermia is defined as an unintentional decrease in body temperature to below 35°C. The lowest recorded body temperatures from which patients…

…By reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, it decreases the quantity of cholesterol delivered to the liver. The resulting hepatic response includes increased expression of low density…

…degradation of the messenger RNA encoding PCSK9 within hepatocytes. Reduced hepatic PCSK9 synthesis decreases circulating PCSK9, increases the availability of hepatic low density lipoprotein cholesterol…

…The discrepancy between traditional figures and recent studies is due to the dramatic decrease in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes over the past decades…

…causes dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, decreases total peripheral resistance, decreases systemic blood pressure, and decreases afterload. Nicardipine has antianginal and antihypertensive effects…

…these adverse events are related to the suppression of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), such as decreases in blood pressure and mild azotemia. However…

…duration (APD), hyperpolarizes the membrane potential, and decreases atrial contractility. Analogous electrophysiological changes occur within the sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. In addition to these…

…In DHF, ventricular rate may decrease as dyspnoea improves and sympathetic activation subsides, making it difficult to determine whether AF initiated the deterioration or resulted…

…attenuates carotid sinus baroreceptor activity and acts centrally and peripherally to enhance vagal tone. These sympatho inhibitory effects decrease serum norepinephrine levels, plasma renin levels…

…widespread acceptance was delayed, partly due to autopsy studies demonstrating an absence of coronary thrombi in a significant proportion of deceased patients. Historically referred to…

…months to about 150 beats/min. It then gradually decreases to about 120 beats/min at 6 months of age. After 12 months of age…

…As the heart rate increases, the QT interval decreases and vice versa. The physiological purpose of this phenomenon is to allow for faster cardiac cycles…

…And the opposite, i.e the heart rate decreases during expiration due to increased vagal tone. This causes the slightly irregular rhythm seen in Figure…

…in this layer results in radial shortening , meaning that the diameter of the ventricular cavity decreases (Figure 1B). The muscle fibers adjacent to the epicardium…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…causes dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, decreases total peripheral resistance, decreases systemic blood pressure, and decreases afterload. Nicardipine has antianginal and antihypertensive effects…

…HF), acute Heart failure (HF), chronic Bradycardia (second line alternative) Medium dose : 3.0 10.0 μg/kg/min. + ++++ + +++++ Medium dose dopamine activates β1…

…and coronary vasodilator. When administered intravenously (150 mg over 10 minutes followed by 1 mg/min), it decreases heart rate, systemic vascular resistance, and left…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…changes in the thorax. This leads to the fact that the pressure in the left atrium does not decrease when inhaled and, as a result…

…why there has been a 20% increase in NSTEMI and a corresponding decrease in unstable angina in the past two decades (many of those who…

…effect on the activity in the SA node. Propafenone may decrease automaticity in the SA node and thereby lower heart rate. P wave No effect…

…velocity adjacent to the wall of the cylinder. Figure 2B illustrates how the flow profile changes when the diameter of the cylinder decreases. As illustrated…

…causes dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, decreases total peripheral resistance, decreases systemic blood pressure, and decreases afterload. Nicardipine has antianginal and antihypertensive effects…

…HF), acute Heart failure (HF), chronic Bradycardia (second line alternative) Medium dose : 3.0 10.0 μg/kg/min. + ++++ + +++++ Medium dose dopamine activates β1…

…stretch out during diastole. During IVRT the pressure in the left ventricle decreases and when it is lower than left atrial pressure, the mitral valve…

…this muscle layer results in radial shortening , meaning that the diameter of the ventricular cavity decreases (Figure 2B). The muscle fibers adjacent to the epicardium…

…sequence of activation of the piezoelectric crystals. The density of the ultrasound lines decreases with increasing distance from the transducer; this affects the lateral resolution…

…blood is ejected into the aorta. Left ventricular volume decreases as the ventricle contracts and pumps blood into the aorta. After the maximum pressure is…

…through the pulmonary circulation. Consequently, left ventricular filling falls and cardiac output may become markedly depressed. Right sided filling pressures—including central venous, right atrial…

…the QRS complex [7]. Specifically, T waves are inverted and ST segments are depressed in leads with positive QRS waves (such as I, aVL, V5…

…ST segment deviation ). ST segment depression implies that the ST segment is depressed below the level of the PR segment. ST segment elevation implies that…

…ST segment and T wave (ST T changes). The ST segment may be either elevated or depressed. The T wave may diminish in amplitude ( flat…