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Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…be contributing to elevated blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac, cerebrovascular, or renal disease…

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…used to estimate the severity of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia decreases impulse transmission in the entire heart. Severe symptoms occur at 7 mmol/L or higher…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…acute aortic syndrome, marked neurological organ damage, or treatment with sodium nitroprusside. In most hypertensive emergencies the following is aimed for: 1. Lower the mean…

Liver parameters

…< 1 suggests steatohepatitis or viral hepatitis. An isolated raised ALP — check the GGT. A normal GGT shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ damage or failure. Any of the drugs listed below may be used to…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ damage or failure. Any of the drugs listed below may be used to…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…transmitted from bats to humans in Wuhan, China, and it has now spread to more than 170 countries and caused unprecedented damage to humans and…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…have some kind of damage, change or degeneration. Endocarditis with alpha streptococcus is most often subacute and can develop gradually over several days to weeks…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…elevation Acute HMOD Present Absent clinically Symptoms Often present and related to the affected organ May be absent or nonspecific Treatment setting Usually hospital based…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…instability and hypertension [4]. Step 2: look systematically for acute organ damage Organ or condition Findings to look for Initial investigation : : : CNS Confusion, reduced consciousness…

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