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Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…present Factors that may be contributing to elevated blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac…

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…narrow at the top. Refer to Figure 1 . Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy may instead display normalization of secondary T wave inversions (lead V5, V6…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…insufficient randomised evidence to determine which agent is best. The choice is therefore governed chiefly by the target organ damage, the pharmacology of the drug…

Liver parameters

…isolated raised ALP — check the GGT. A normal GGT shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…due to risk of hypotension. Clevidipine doses and administration in hypertension. Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…due to risk of hypotension. Clevidipine doses and administration in hypertension. Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…and it has now spread to more than 170 countries and caused unprecedented damage to humans and societies. The number of confirmed cases is approaching…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…have some kind of damage, change or degeneration. Endocarditis with alpha streptococcus is most often subacute and can develop gradually over several days to weeks…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…renal function. By contrast, hypertensive urgency describes severe hypertension without clinical evidence of acute, ongoing target organ damage. Although BP reduction is required, these patients…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…instability and hypertension [4]. Step 2: look systematically for acute organ damage Organ or condition Findings to look for Initial investigation : : : CNS Confusion, reduced consciousness…

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