…fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, serum viscosity, asymmetric dimethylarginine, homocysteine, white blood cell count, proinflammatory cytokines and C reactive protein. Increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio…

…Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to both microvascular and epicardial vasomotor disorders. Endothelial activation can promote the release of adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and vasoconstricting mediators…

…activation of innate immune pathways, cytokine signalling and recruitment of inflammatory cells to vascular lesions. The interleukin 1β pathway, with downstream effects involving interleukin…

…19 has caused an unprecedented number of severe and deadly infections among young and apparently healthy individuals. Infections and the risk of acute coronary syndromes…

…myositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren syndrome, SLE and APS. Some patient groups have a two to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular…

…smooth muscle cells, reducing cytokines like IL 6 and TNF α. 11 Plaque Stability: By reducing macrophage infiltration and inhibiting foam cell formation, they stabiliz

…inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [1] …