…pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroprusside provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation of both arterioles and veins via generation of cyclic GMP, which then…

…pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroglycerin provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation (of both arterioles and veins) via generation of cyclic GMP, which then…

…adenosine antagonizes catecholamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This inhibition decreases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn reduces the L type calcium current…

…effects on alpha receptors. Stimulation of beta receptors increases inotropy and chronotropy by elevating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium, as well as through…

…antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Collectively, these disorders are associated with excess cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the cardiovascular phenotype varies substantially between diseases. Cardiovascular involvement extends beyond…

…risk. Examples include brisk walking, jogging, swimming and cycling. Activities should be selected according to the individual’s preferences, functional status and daily routine, because…