…with advancing age. Presentations without pain may include: Sudden breathlessness Syncope or sudden loss of consciousness Confusion Profound weakness An arrhythmia Peripheral embolism An ot

…coronary and renal perfusion, particularly in patients with long standing hypertension and a rightward shifted autoregulation [1,3]. The term hypertensive urgency is best avoided…

…Chest compressions in traumatic cardiac arrest In the context of cardiac tamponade, increased pressure within the pericardial sac impedes venous return to the right atrium…

…lead to confusion between LBBB and acute STEMI. In fact, studies have shown that LBBB is the most common cause of false activations of the…

…of “ 100” for Qp/Qs is likely a typo; standard practice uses the ratio directly (e.g., 2:1, not 200%). Conclusion Echocardiographic calculation of…

…earlier after coronary occlusion and progress over time. Experimentally, necrosis advances from the subendocardium towards the subepicardium over several hours. The extent and tempo of…

…8. Document the ceiling of care and the decision on intubation early. Initial assessment Confirm that the presentation fits an exacerbation A COPD exacerbation is…

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar Emergency overview Measure the plasma glucose immediately in everyone with a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour…

…trial shortens the time on the ventilator. See the article on confusion for the management of delirium in intensive care. Renal replacement therapy Absolute indications:…

…confusion, convulsion, tachycardia, hypotension, coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia…

…obligatory Hypothermia, new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension, rigors, abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and…

…or ongoing major haematemesis: early anaesthetic assessment before endoscopy Assess the severity of the bleeding clinically Signs of major or ongoing bleeding are: hypotension or…

…g in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use…

…However, the confusion actually extends beyond the ECG definition. For decades it was believed that early repolarization was a benign condition, which is why the…

…in hypoxaemia, repeated doses of an inhaled short acting β2 agonist, ipratropium in more severe attacks, and a systemic steroid given early [2,3]. Grading…

…apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia does not…

…hypomania, confusion. Commonest early on and at high doses Muscle weakness Steroid myopathy, with proximal weakness Red flags and pitfalls Stopping a corticosteroid abruptly after…

…of raised intracranial pressure or impending herniation Moderately severe symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of…

…system Finding : : CNS New confusion, disorientation, agitation, drowsiness or a reduced GCS Respiration A respiratory rate of at least 22/min, increased work of breathing…

…exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE…