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The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…subepicardium over several hours. The extent and tempo of injury are influenced by collateral flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and intermittent occlusion with reperfusion. Prompt reperfusion…

Traumatic cardiac arrest

…reversible causes of traumatic cardiac arrest ( Salomone et al ): Hypovolemia : Hypovolemic shock is common in both penetrating and blunt force trauma. Loss of blood volume…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…peripheral cannulae 0 to 10 min A blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…confusion, convulsion, tachycardia, hypotension, coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…people with diabetes and becomes more common with advancing age. Presentations without pain may include: Sudden breathlessness Syncope or sudden loss of consciousness Confusion Profound…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…Pneumocystis prophylaxis with high doses over a long period, according to the local protocol Psychiatric symptoms Sleep disturbance, hypomania, confusion. Commonest early on and at…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of the symptoms is limited. In a patient with moderate…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…in these two papers and the authors of this article decided to adopt the criteria from MacFarlane et al . However, the confusion actually extends beyond…

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction: the Sgarbossa criteria

…and outcomes improved when they were treated as acute STEMI cases. Management of left bundle branch block (LBBB) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…life threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, with hyperkalemia being the most prevalent electrolyte disturbance observed in cardiac arrest scenarios. Hypocalcemia, although capable of causing cardiac…

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