…CABG) Types 4b and 4c fulfil the criteria for type 1 MI because they represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of a stent thrombosis…

…In the absence of evident hemorrhage, potential etiologies to consider include tension pneumothorax, traumatic asphyxia, and cardiac tamponade, each implicated in roughly 10% of cases…

…a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour, collapse or an acute neurological deficit. Hypoglycaemia can cause hemiparesis, aphasia and radiological changes…

…g in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use…

…JE, Gwyther R, Kirkman E. Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model of hemorrhage induced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019;140: 37 42…

…in these two papers and the authors of this article decided to adopt the criteria from MacFarlane et al . However, the confusion actually extends beyond…

…8. Document the ceiling of care and the decision on intubation early. Initial assessment Confirm that the presentation fits an exacerbation A COPD exacerbation is…

…8. Reassess speech, work of breathing, level of consciousness and air entry repeatedly. 9. Measure PEF or FEV1 if the patient can manage it without…

…afternoon and evening. See the quick reference on inpatient insulin therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of…

…Ask specifically about: Neurological symptoms: confusion, visual loss, focal neurological signs, seizures, severe or sudden headache. Chest pain, back pain, dyspnoea, orthopnoea and new sweating…

…urine osmolality and urine sodium before treatment. 5. With severe symptoms: give hypertonic saline immediately. Do not wait for a complete work up of the…

…about 7.20. Different targets apply when the intracranial pressure is raised: normocapnia (PaCO₂ 4.5–5.0 kPa) and avoidance of hypoxia, since hypercapnia…

…new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension, rigors, abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive…

…lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for hypotension or hypoperfusion, usually…

…of the bleeding clinically Signs of major or ongoing bleeding are: hypotension or a postural drop tachycardia a cold periphery and delayed capillary refill confusion…

…with diabetes and becomes more common with advancing age. Presentations without pain may include: Sudden breathlessness Syncope or sudden loss of consciousness Confusion Profound weakness…

…apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia does not…

…lead to confusion between LBBB and acute STEMI. In fact, studies have shown that LBBB is the most common cause of false activations of the…

…exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE…

…200%). Conclusion Echocardiographic calculation of Qp/Qs is a cornerstone in managing patients with intracardiac shunts. By integrating anatomical measurements and Doppler hemodynamics, clinicians gain…