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Myocardial Mechanics: Structure and Function of Myocardial Fibers

Echocardiography Structure and contractile function of myocardial fibers The left ventricular wall can be subdivided into several layers. These layers are similar to those seen…

Regional Myocardial Contractile Function: Wall Motion Abnormalities

…defined as regional abnormalities in contractile function. Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of wall motion abnormalities. Assessment of wall motion abnormalities is…

Overview of atrioventricular (AV) blocks

…low concentration of gap junctions in AV nodal cells), which allows for ventricular filling to complete prior to ventricular contraction. In contrast, contractile cells–and…

Relaxation of the left ventricle

…function of the following three variables: Aortic resistance (pressure). Left ventricular volume. Ventricular wall thickness (myocardial thickness). The left ventricle must generate sufficient contractile force…

Fractional shortening for estimation of ejection fraction

…differences in contractile function. Otherwise, the point of measurement may not be representative. Ventricular activation must be normal. For example, in the setting of left…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…from one contractile cell to another, starting in the endocardium and heading towards the epicardium. As evident from Figure 7 , the vector of the ventricular…

The 3-phase model of sudden cardiac arrest

…excitability, and contractile function are all compromised by ATP depletion. Myocardial necrosis (infarction) commences within 20 minutes of circulatory collapse. The electrical phase: Defibrillate It…

Assessing left ventricular systolic function

…systolic function (contractile function) Several echocardiographic measurements are available to assess left ventricular systolic function. These methods elucidate slightly different aspects of systolic function and…

Atrial and ventricular enlargement: hypertrophy and dilatation on ECG

…may result in abnormal depolarization of the ventricular myocardium. This is presumably due to a mismatch between the expansion of contractile cells as compared with…

Cardiac electrophysiology and ECG interpretation

…ventricles. When the contractile myocardium receives the action potential, it is activated and contracts. Figure 1 illustrates the relevant components of the conduction system, the…

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