Echocardiography Methods for assessing systolic function (contractile function) Several echocardiographic measurements are available to assess left ventricular systolic function. These methods elucidate slightly different aspects…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…wave. Because of the long duration of the plateau phase most contractile cells are in this phase at the same time (more or less). Moreover…

…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

…including: Global and regional LV systolic function LV contractile reserve Valve function and stress related haemodynamic changes Diastolic function Pulmonary hypertension Coronary flow velocity reserve…

…excellent, with the vast majority of patients recovering completely after restoration of sinus rhythm (or any other rhythm with normal ventricular rate and activation). Recovery…

…driven by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and other cytokines. Within the intima, SMCs undergo a phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic state…

…rhythms. Increased automaticity (in His Purkinje fibers), abnormal automaticity (in contractile myocardium), re entry (anywhere) or triggered activity (anywhere) may all cause ventricular arrhythmias. Indeed…

…the leads. Some leads may display all waves, whereas others might only display one of the waves. Regardless of which waves are visible, the wave…

…Viable, stunned, and hibernating myocardium Viable dysfunctional myocardium is myocardial tissue whose contractile function improves after coronary revascularization. This functional definition encompasses several physiological states…