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Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…which contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced from a peripheral artery to the aortic root and coronary…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…Screening for AAA General principles Duplex ultrasound is the preferred screening modality because it is noninvasive, avoids ionizing radiation and contrast agents, and accurately identifies…

Left ventricular diastolic function

…function and echocardiographic assessment The importance of systolic function can be understood on an intuitive basis. Consider the fact that the left ventricle contracts and…

Cardiac electrophysiology and ECG interpretation

…In contrast to skeletal muscle, cardiac cells display a branch like morphology. As illustrated in Figure 2 all cardiac cells are connected, both electrically and…

The left ventricle in myocardial ischemia and infarction

…left ventricle contracts against much greater resistance (i.e. the pressure in the systemic circulation), and therefore it faces the highest workload; for the same…

Arrhythmias before and during cardiac arrest

…duration of cardiac arrest, quality of CPR, and a prognostic indicator for survival. In the nationwide Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry, 30 days survival in OHCA…

Introduction to Cardiac Pacing and Devices: Pacemaker, ICD, CRT

…that spread the action potential rapidly and sequentially to the contractile myocardium. When the contractile myocardium receives the action potential, it is activated and contracts…

Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationship: Preload, Afterload, Stroke Volume, Wall Stress & Frank-Starling's law

…of an upper limit for ventricular compliance. The greater the left ventricular compliance, the less steep the slope of the EDPVR curve, and vice versa …

🟠 Mitral valve

…et al. (2003): Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. In Journal of the American Society…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

…et al. (2003): Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. In Journal of the American Society…

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