…pulmonary pressures that contributes to exertional breathlessness and reduced exercise capacity. Multiorgan and comorbidity driven disease HFpEF is heterogeneous rather than a single pathophysiologic entity…

Echocardiography Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function Methods for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function have evolved considerably in the past two decades. Currently recommended…

…analyzed continuously (Figure 1). This is possible by using two different sets of piezoelectric crystals; one set for sending ultrasound and the other for analyzing…

Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Blood pressure is a continuous cardiovascular exposure rather than a binary distinction between normotension and hypertension. Its long term relationship with…

Echocardiography The Bernoulli principle and pressure gradients using Doppler measurements Continuous wave Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler can measure the velocity of erythrocytes as they…

…attach continuous rhythm monitoring, secure intravenous access, assess the circulation and the bleeding risk, and exclude dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other ECG…

…Acute or subacute onset, continuous dizziness lasting hours to days, often with nausea, nystagmus, motion intolerance and difficulty walking Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar or brainstem infarction…

…heart rate and a continuous ECG. Establish two intravenous cannulae where possible. Use intraosseous access if intravenous access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment…

…2. Insert the core temperature probe and connect it to the feedback loop of the cooling device. Without continuous measurement the whole treatment is blin

…undergoing pharmacological treatment for AF with class IC drugs or amiodarone. In these instances, the flutter rate may be reduced to less than 200 beats…