…together account for approximately half of patients with symptomatic HF. The distinction is clinically useful but not absolute. Ejection fraction is a continuous variable and…

…of flow) and continuous Doppler (to locate the maximum flow velocities). As Figure 1B illustrates, the mitral inflow yields 3 phases on the spectral curve…

…the continuous wave Doppler cannot determine the location of the maximum velocity recorded, but it allows for the recording of very high velocities along the…

…lead to misclassification. Blood pressure should be measured with a validated and calibrated device using a consistent method for the individual patient. The recommended procedure…

Echocardiography The Bernoulli principle and pressure gradients using Doppler measurements Continuous wave Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler can measure the velocity of erythrocytes as they…

…and occlusion patterns on the ECG Classic ST elevation criteria New ST elevation at the J point in at least two anatomically contiguous leads indicates…

…2]. The single most important practical rule is: Continuous acute dizziness with spontaneous nystagmus: consider HINTS plus, but only if the examiner is trained. Brief…

…heart rate and a continuous ECG. Establish two intravenous cannulae where possible. Use intraosseous access if intravenous access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment…

…only redefined: continuous core temperature measurement and a target value that must never be exceeded, during the first 72 hours for as long as the…

…is defined by a macroreentrant atrial circuit, which manifests on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as organized, continuous atrial electrical activity. This activity most commonly presents as…