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Mitral regurgitation

…mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome), osteogenesis imperfecta typically causes prolapse of P2…

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

…dysplasia (FMD), which may produce arterial wall abnormalities and intramural haematomas. Inherited connective tissue disorders, including Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. FMD may be…

Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging)

…Figure 2). It is important to note that the apex of the heart is fixed to the diaphragm via pericardium and connective tissue. Therefore the…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren syndrome, SLE and APS. Some patient groups have a two to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…connective tissue disease, eosinophilic myocarditis), toxins (alcohol, cocaine, cancer therapies), or physical reactions (radiation therapy), frequently involves the conduction system. In these conditions, involvement of…

Myocardial Mechanics: Structure and Function of Myocardial Fibers

…It contains cardiac muscle fibers, connective tissue and a very high density of capillaries. The muscle fibers are organized into several sheets that wrap around…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…of the pericardium The pericardium consists of a parietal layer and a visceral layer. The parietal layer is 2 mm thick, rich in connective tissue…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…Relevant predispositions, such as connective tissue disease. No single pain descriptor is diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited discriminatory value. Features suggesting myocardial…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…or 80 cm in women is considered indicative of obesity or excess abdominal adiposity. Ethnic specific thresholds are lower or otherwise modified in some populations…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…anchored around myocardial scar tissue [5] . Polymorphic VT (PMVT): Characterized by a continuously changing QRS morphology and axis, indicating a dynamic sequence of ventricular activation…

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