…muscular layer between the endocardium and the epicardium is called myocardium . It contains cardiac muscle fibers, connective tissue and a very high density of capillaries…

…Figure 2). It is important to note that the apex of the heart is fixed to the diaphragm via pericardium and connective tissue. Therefore the…

…mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren syndrome, SLE and APS. Some patient groups have a two to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease…

…connective tissue disease, eosinophilic myocarditis), toxins (alcohol, cocaine, cancer therapies), or physical reactions (radiation therapy), frequently involves the conduction system. In these conditions, involvement of…

…Hypertension and oestrogen exposure. Emotional or chronic mental stress. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which may produce arterial wall abnormalities and intramural haematomas. Inherited connective tissue disorders…

…layer and a visceral layer. The parietal layer is 2 mm thick, rich in connective tissue and envelops the entire heart and the departures of…

…Atherosclerotic and thromboembolic risk factors. Relevant predispositions, such as connective tissue disease. No single pain descriptor is diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited…

…typically results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan…

…of obesity rises. Nevertheless, BMI alone does not define an individual’s cardiovascular risk. Cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass and the distribution of adipose tissue…

…anchored around myocardial scar tissue [5] . Polymorphic VT (PMVT): Characterized by a continuously changing QRS morphology and axis, indicating a dynamic sequence of ventricular activation…