…termination, congenital absence or hypoplasia. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva is associated with increased sudden death risk…

…PH in the absence of CTEPH, lung disease, or another explanatory cause. PAH reflects marked pulmonary arterial remodelling, with fibroproliferative, plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes…

…and medical therapies. Adults with congenital heart disease are mostly managed in GUCH clinics (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease). Prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD…

…and imaging technique. Coronary fistulae represent abnormal communications between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or vessel. Other congenital anomalies include anomalous origin of…

…up to 40 mm Hg in older and obese patients. References Baumgartner et al : Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE Recommendations for Clinical Practice…

…stenosis) requires intervention. Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and…

…quantify the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac…

…of an X linked condition may develop a phenotype later and require delayed or individualized assessment. Disease specific genetic architecture HCM is predominantly associated with…

…congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) — This type of…

…elastin and is fused with the myocardium. At the departures of the larger vessels, the visceral layer is folded back to cover the inside of…