…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

…be computed similarly using the six precordial leads, with a 0 degree value assigned along the lead axis of V6 [3]. Clinical Implications of Axis…

…inconclusive. The principal diagnostic strength of CCTA is its ability to exclude significant anatomical CAD with high sensitivity and a high negative predictive value, particularly…

…rays to construct images with high spatial and temporal resolution. PET offers higher spatiotemporal quality, as compared with SPECT. Quantification of blood flow using PET…

…available, PET MPI is recommended in individuals with suspected chronic coronary syndrome and a moderate or high pre test likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease…

…that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast…

…of available methods includes echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission computed tomography (PET) and…

…artery stenosis. Stress can be induced pharmacologically with coronary vasodilatory agents or simulated hemodynamically through exercise or the use of chronotropic and inotropic agents. Radiotracers…

…most consistent contemporary role is therefore the assessment of functional capacity, symptoms, haemodynamic responses, arrhythmias and prognosis, with diagnostic interpretation reserved for appropriately selected patients…

…blood tests and other radiological examinations are most often required, in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of the pericardium…

…description of the electrical activity of the heart and it is created by analyzing several electrodes. In other words, each ECG lead is computed by…

…function and the anticipated benefit–risk balance of revascularization. Coronary angiography remains primarily an anatomical examination, whereas contemporary decision making increasingly combines anatomical imaging with…

…The atrial lead is therefore set to record signals with an amplitude range of 1.5 to 5 mV, and frequency 80 to 100 Hz…

…at clarifying the genesis of the mass. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of the heart) and computed tomography (DT of the heart) are…

…angiography with the intent to perform PCI. The decision to transfer the patient to the ICU or CCU depends on the system of care and…

…resulting extensive ischemia causes immediate myocardial stunning (akinesia) and electrical instability. Fewer than 1% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who reach the…

…and 30% of individuals with DVT have asymptomatic pulmonary emboli ( Di Nisio et al ). Accordingly, risk factors for pulmonary embolism overlap with risk factors for…

…as side effect of drugs, hypoxia, myocarditis and electrolyte disorders. Because the rate (60–100 beats per minute) is on a par with the rate…