…circumferential shortening (Figure 1C). Left ventricular function depends on a complex interaction between the muscle fibers in these layers, which collectively produces a highly efficient…

…Troponin I is highly specific for myocardial injury. Interpretation of troponin T is more complex because injured skeletal muscle may express proteins detected by some…

…of congenital heart disease reach adulthood ( Mandalenakis et al ). The largest leap in survival has been observed among cases with the most complex malformations. Indeed…

…ventricular dilation. The left ventricle and the septum are generally spared. Regional wall motion abnormalities–i.e hypokinesia, dyskinesia and kinesia–may also be s

…L carnitine (limited evidence) Warfarin Vitamin K Fresh frozen plasma Prothrombin complex concentrate Actions in suspected poisoning and cardiac arrest Promptly contact the closest intensive…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions The early repolarization pattern and syndrome: from ECG criteria to management Although the early repolarization pattern has…

…will also be abnormal, resulting in discordant ST T segments (i.e the QRS complex and T wave display opposite directions). Below follows ECG tracings…

…Study Figure 7 carefully, as it illustrates how the P wave and QRS complex are generated by the electrical vectors. Note that the first vector…

ECG Video lecture: The QRS complex: Q wave, R wave & S wave

…to each respective ventricle) the QRS complex is normal (i.e QRS duration <0.12 s). However, the QRS complex can be wide (QRS duration…