…improve angina and quality of life, but randomized trials have not demonstrated reductions in mortality or myocardial infarction rates. Clinical presentation and symptoms The clinical…

Echocardiography The standard transthoracic echocardiographic examination This chapter presents a sequential series of images that comprise a complete standard echocardiographic examination. The image views are…

…despite the fact that it had not been updated for decades. As I got more involved with cardiovascular research and dug deeper into electrocardiology and…

Info The ECG shows AV block III (complete heart block). P waves are not related to QRS. PP interval is constant, but independent of RR…

…causes cardiac arrest unless an escape rhythm emerges. The escape rhythm may have narrow or wide QRS complexes, depending on where the impulses are discharged…

…complete discontinuation of tobacco smoking, with avoidance of second hand smoke and, where possible, other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not…

…Definition and pathophysiology A chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a complete or nearly complete coronary arterial obstruction that has persisted for at least 30 days…

…wave and QRS complex are generated by the electrical vectors. Note that the first vector in Figure 7 is not discussed here as it belongs…

…Suction and give oxygen as needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an…

…treatment must therefore proceed in parallel and must not wait for complete diagnostic certainty. Sepsis is defined as life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a…