…and ischaemia related ventricular failure as potential causes of shock. Patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease have a higher burden of comorbidity and…

…echocardiographic examinations. For example, left ventricular size, measured as its inner diameter, is strongly related to heart failure, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and overall mortality. Ventricular dimensions…

…includes a complete ECG book, enriched with over 600 pages, engaging video lectures, challenging tests, and versatile study tools. From basic cardiac physiology to the…

Info The ECG shows AV block III (complete heart block). P waves are not related to QRS. PP interval is constant, but independent of RR…

…before the QRS complexes. This scenario, which is referred to as isoarrhythmic AV block , may even simulatesinus rhythm. Third degree AV block causes cardiac arrest…

…In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption but to achieve complete abstinence from tobacco and ultimately from nicotine. Smoking is…

…Demonstration of both significant myocardial ischaemia and viability in the territory supplied by the occluded artery is generally accepted as a useful way to bal

…the QRS complex is easy but frequently misunderstood. The following rules apply when naming the waves: A deflection is only referred to as a wave…

…of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG all come before complete identification of the substance. Treatment of…

…for complete diagnostic certainty. Sepsis is defined as life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Clinically this usually corresponds to…