…in the same order every time. Skipping a step is a common reason why mixed acid base disorders are missed. The blood gas describes the…

…Palpitations, syncope or cardiac arrest–particularly during physical activity–in a young adult with T wave inversions in V1–V4, or other ECG changes (see…

…can be highly variable, particularly in females, the elderly, or patients with diabetes [4]. Associated Findings: The sudden onset of symptoms coupled with diaphoresis should…

…with symptomatic HF. The distinction is clinically useful but not absolute. Ejection fraction is a continuous variable and echocardiographic measurement has meaningful variability. Patients with…

…with early onset of heart failure is common among these individuals. The majority of the mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with variable…

…Brugada syndrome was classically defined as a monogenic, autosomal dominant channelopathy with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The first and most critical genetic locus identified…

…also the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals and during exercise. The risk of ventricular arrhythmias correlates with the degree…

…cardiovascular mortality. The condition is very common among individuals with heart failure. Notably, beta blockers actually increase chronotropic competency in patients with heart failure, despite…

…creatinine using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD EPI) equation, incorporating relevant demographic variables; cystatin C may also be used as a filtration marker…

…CTOs are common among patients undergoing coronary angiography, with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to 52%. They frequently occur in patients with severe coronary artery…