…supplemented with a central venous sample Common approximate arterial reference ranges in adults are: pH 7.35 to 7.45 pCO₂ 4.7 to 6…

…activity–in a young adult with T wave inversions in V1–V4, or other ECG changes (see below) should lead to a suspicion of ARVC…

…can be highly variable, particularly in females, the elderly, or patients with diabetes [4]. Associated Findings: The sudden onset of symptoms coupled with diaphoresis should…

…disease or after treatment. During exertion, however, the limited diastolic reserve becomes evident, with a rise in left atrial and pulmonary pressures that contributes to…

…less common than inherited mutations. Clearly, not all DCM genes have been discovered. Genetic testing for DCM Genetic testing of patients with confirmed or likely…

…Architecture Genetic Architecture: From Monogenic to Polygenic Models Brugada syndrome was classically defined as a monogenic, autosomal dominant channelopathy with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity…

…The HCM Risk SCD score aims to identify individuals with a high risk of SCD and determine whether an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is warranted…

…inability to adequately increase heart rate Chronotropic incompetence is an independent predictor of overall and cardiovascular mortality. The condition is very common among individuals with…

…1.73 m², excess urinary albumin excretion—typically a spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) above 30 mg/g—or both. The eGFR is…

…it may present with chronic angina, an anginal equivalent or exertional dyspnoea. Patients may continue to have lifestyle limiting symptoms despite guideline directed medical therapy…