…adults must account for chronological age, biological age, frailty, multimorbidity, cognitive status, functional capacity, orthostatic symptoms, and treatment burden. Although older adults are often defined…

…multimorbidity, sarcopenia, cognitive function, functional capacity, and health related quality of life substantially influence both cardiovascular risk and the balance between treatment benefit and harm…

…of stay, institutional care, readmission, cognitive decline and increased mortality [3,4]. Do this first 1. Assess vital signs and level of consciousness immediately. 2…

…a longer symptomatic course Consciousness Usually preserved, but may be impaired in severe DKA Cognitive impairment is more common, particularly at very high osmolality Blood…

…seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour, collapse or an acute neurological deficit. Hypoglycaemia can cause hemiparesis, aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement…

…and functional limitation Evidence of heart failure Haemodynamic stability Diabetes status Renal dysfunction and other important comorbidities Frailty Liver cirrhosis Cognitive function and life expectancy…

…unknown duration : These cases are managed as chronic hyponatremia. Degree of hyponatremia P/S Na + Common effects Mild 130 125 mmol/l Cognitive disorders, vertigo…

…ischemia Effects of the underlying cause of cardiac arrest Neurological injuries may cause coma, seizures (myoclonus), stroke, cognitive dysfunction, Parkinsonism, vegetative state, or brain death…