…target prescription, for example in chronic hypercapnia Follow the patient's prescription, if it is clinically reasonable Give oxygen if the patient is hypoxaemic. Oxygen…

…particular viral infections. This explains why pericarditis may affect individuals of all ages. However, a wide range of local and systemic conditions may cause pericarditis…

…than chronic stable angina include sudden symptom onset at rest or with minimal exertion, symptoms lasting at least 10 minutes unless treated immediately, severe chest…

…vital signs contribute to initial triage and that alternative cardiac and thoracic diagnoses must be considered. The immediate clinical categories include: Non cardiac diagnosis Chronic…

…ECG. Evaluation includes prompt measurement of vital signs and a focused examination directed toward both alternative diagnoses and high risk features of acute coronary syndrome…

…CCS is a clinical syndrome rather than a permanently stable state. Patients may remain stable for prolonged periods, but chronic coronary disease can progress or…

…Peripheral oedema Symptoms related to fluid retention and worsening congestion The clinical course may be chronic and relatively stable or punctuated by episodes of worsening…

Cardiology Nephrology Definition and pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by abnormalities of renal structure or function that persist for more than 3 months…

…When clinically significant, it may present with chronic angina, an anginal equivalent or exertional dyspnoea. Patients may continue to have lifestyle limiting symptoms despite guideline…

Cardiology Coronary Atherosclerosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental…