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Opioid therapy in severe pain

…pain, but the effect on the bowel must be taken into account). Known allergy to the preparation — rare; itching and urticaria are usually due to…

Arrhythmias before and during cardiac arrest

…For example, in cardiac arrest due to pulmonary embolism the initial rhythm is typically PEA, which is explained by the fact that the embolus prevents…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…alkalosis due to hyperventilation, rhabdomyolysis (particularly the initial phase), sepsis, malignancies with osteoblastic metastases, diminished calcium absorption and/or enhanced calcium excretion, chronic renal failure…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…emerged, emphasizing the putative role of sensitized sensory nerve endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough, akin to chronic neuropathic pain. This…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…elevation due to mechanisms other than myocardial ischaemia. Acute myocardial injury may arise from conditions such as sepsis, myocarditis, or takotsubo syndrome, while chronic myocardial…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…remain stable for prolonged periods, but chronic coronary disease can progress or destabilize abruptly, leading to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Clinical manifestations may therefore…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…and infarction Definition and clinical rationale Stable angina, or chronic chest pain attributable to suspected chronic coronary syndrome, is evaluated by estimating the likelihood of…

Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiology Evaluation and management of stable coronary artery disease Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) Stable coronary artery disease (CAD), frequently referred to as stable angina pectoris …

Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management

ECG Evaluation and management of stable coronary artery disease Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) Stable coronary artery disease (CAD), frequently referred to as stable angina pectoris …

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…modified in some populations. Cardiometabolic mechanisms Visceral and ectopic fat are particularly relevant to cardiovascular risk. Excess adipose tissue promotes: Chronic, low grade systemic inflammation…

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