Cardiology Nephrology Definition and pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by abnormalities of renal structure or function that persist for more than 3 months…

…inflammatory treatment in coronary disease has principally involved two populations: Patients recently recovering from myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Patients with stable or chronic…

…of the character of Angina Pectoris. Atherosclerosis: the cause of coronary artery disease The underlying cause is atherosclerosis, which is a chronic inflammatory disease of…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

Cardiology Coronary Atherosclerosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental…

…atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly dynamic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is characterized by the subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein B containing…

…kidney or liver disease, especially when combined with diuretics (risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function). Patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…

…atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Its principal therapeutic objective is reduction of low…

…inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, are important risk enhancing conditions and are more prevalent in women. Chronic kidney disease…

…phenotype or variant. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of preeclampsia remains incompletely established. Proposed contributors include chronic uteroplacental ischaemia, an exaggerated maternal inflammatory response, and disturbed…