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Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…complications include placental abruption, stroke, multiple organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary oedema, hepatic complications, renal impairment, and cerebrovascular accidents. HELLP syndrome is associated with…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

… combination with a PCSK9 inhibitor is also described for high risk patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. Chronic coronary syndrome Patients with chronic coronary syndrome…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…disease. Alcohol also increases the rise in myocardial oxygen consumption associated with exercise. Chronic myocardial injury Long term heavy consumption can produce a cardiomyopathy, although…

Ivabradine: Indications, Dosing and Heart-Rate Targets

…required in severe hepatic or renal impairment, and clinically relevant interactions occur with CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers. Clinical indications Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast induced…

Renal parameters

…people with a low muscle mass — the elderly, the undernourished, amputees, patients with hepatic cirrhosis — creatinine based eGFR substantially overestimates renal function. Staging of chronic…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…and Mechanisms Monoclonal Antibodies Evolocumab and alirocumab are fully human monoclonal antibodies that bind circulating PCSK9 and prevent its interaction with the hepatic LDL receptor…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…and pathophysiology Lipid lowering therapy is a central component of cardiovascular prevention, particularly in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), chronic coronary syndrome (CCS)…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…Urosepsis with complicating factors cefotaxime 1 g × 3 IV 10–14 days including oral step down or piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 3 IV Urosepsis with…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

… loading doses mitigate this delay. During chronic therapy, plasma concentrations correlate well with oral doses, averaging approximately 0.5 mg/L (0.5 µg/mL…

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