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Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…stable patient The Wells criteria for pulmonary embolism: Criterion Points : : Clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis 3 Pulmonary embolism is the most likely diagnosis 3…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque through rupture or erosion. The relative contributions of plaque disease and thrombus vary considerably. Thrombotic material may embolize distally and…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma. Atherosclerotic PAD is a manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…a chronic and serious condition. Mortality in pulmonary embolism is up to 20%, and roughly 30% of patients with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of sympathetic innervation), coronary embolism, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection with or without intramural haematoma. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…but also by the vulnerability of the myocardium and coronary microcirculation. Endothelial dysfunction promotes leukocyte and platelet activation and interaction. Thrombotic debris may worsen microvascular…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…supply and demand. The universal classification distinguishes infarction according to its mechanism: Type 1 myocardial infarction: acute atherosclerotic plaque disruption or erosion with coronary thrombosis…

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…SOURCES OF CARDIAC EMBOLI AND EMBOLIC POTENTIAL HIGH EMBOLIC POTENTIAL Atrial arrhythmias — especially atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Ischemic heart disease Both acute and chronic…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides are not interchangeable…

Arrhythmias before and during cardiac arrest

…or pulseless VT (i.e. shockable), and the probability of survival is higher (since these arrhythmias can be defibrillated). Likewise, the later the ECG is…

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