…up. Rapid lowering can worsen cerebral, coronary and renal perfusion, particularly in patients with long standing hypertension and a rightward shifted autoregulation [1,3]. The…

…0.5–3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilatation in the coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…with cerebral atherosclerosis. Cryptogenic stroke : These cases have no known mechanism. Paradoxical embolism : Paradoxical embolism occurs when thromboembolic material is transported from the venous circulation…

…include cerebral, facial, airway and thoracic injuries. Tension pneumothorax : Tension pneumothorax increases intrathoracic pressure, which subsequently compresses larger thoracic veins and thus inhibits venous return…

…decompressions that result in perfusion of cardiac, cerebral, and pulmonary tissue. Chest compressions produce perfusion of vital organs by increasing the pressure in the atria…

…result, pupils often dilate widely within 30–120 seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when cerebral blood flow ceases. In other words…

…and anoxia ( Casas et al ). In cardiac arrest without chest compressions (i.e. if cerebral perfusion ceases), irreversible neuronal cell death starts within 5–6…

…is to relieve the cerebral oedema quickly, not to normalise the plasma sodium. Chronic or minimally symptomatic hyponatraemia must be corrected in a controlled fashion…

…cerebral ischaemia; known CAD, PAD, or other atherosclerotic disease; diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors; smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in…

…a universal target. Chronic hypertension shifts autoregulation in the brain and kidneys towards higher pressures. Too rapid a normalisation can therefore cause cerebral, coronary or…

…and electrolytes in intensive care Neurological monitoring Parameter Target Comment : : : Intracranial pressure (ICP) < 22 mmHg The treatment threshold in traumatic brain injury Cerebral perfusion…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia (due to reflex sympathetic activation). Nausea. Vomiting. Flushing. Palpitations. Tolerance with prolonged use. Methemoglobinemia. Hypoxemia. Caution Proceed with caution in afterload…

…Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain. Patients with AF in the setting of ACS…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…electrical activity in myocardial cells. CPP below 15 mmHg is insufficient to generate cardiac electrical activity. CPP = P aortic P right atrium Cerebral perfusion…

…ICP) and reduction in cerebral blood flow. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with high intracranial pressure or azotemia. • Should not be given to pregnant women…

…by increased serious gastrointestinal bleeding and a non significant increase in cerebral haemorrhage. Bleeding outcomes The principal harm of aspirin in primary prevention is bleeding…

…may include manifestations of coronary, cerebral or peripheral arterial disease, although the source material does not specify symptom patterns in detail. Physical manifestations Tendinous xanthomas…

…intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure, including methamphetamine. Abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive medication, particularly clonidine, can also precipitate a hypertensive crisis. Pregnancy Hypertensive emergencies in pre

…penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood to enter the diseased aortic media. Blood then…

…laboratory abnormalities indicate end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis…

…Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign from serious etiologies…

…of brain injuries is anoxic cell death, continued dysfunction in cerebral blood flow (autoregulation) after ROSC and cerebral hypoperfusion. Myocardial dysfunction is defined by stunning…