CPR The forces that drive coronary and cerebral perfusion, and ventilation of the lungs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ substantially from normal circumstances. The purpose…

…a brisk reflex), whereas low light causes dilation. This reflex is highly sensitive to brainstem integrity and cerebral perfusion. During cardiac arrest, circulation to the…

…there is no cerebral perfusion, with an equal degree of hypoxia in all neurons. There is one fundamental difference between neurons and myocardium in the…

…The brain adapts to prolonged hypotonicity by extruding electrolytes and organic osmolytes. This adaptation reduces the cerebral oedema but makes the brain sensitive to a…

…cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. The risk associated with asymptomatic disease depends substantially on stenosis severity and…

…rapid a normalisation can therefore cause cerebral, coronary or renal ischaemia. Neurological status, urine output, creatinine, acid–base status and signs of myocardial ischaemia must…

…oral treatment and ensure follow up. Rapid lowering can worsen cerebral, coronary and renal perfusion, particularly in patients with long standing hypertension and a rightward…

…traumatic brain injury Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) 60–70 mmHg CPP = MAP − ICP RASS −2 to 0 Lightly sedated to awake and calm CAM…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

Nitroglycerin Patients using nitroglycerin regularly may have developed tolerance and require higher doses, alternatively nitroprusside to achieve desirable blood pressure lowring effect. Drug Nitroglycerin Brand…

…and increase the risk of stroke and other thromboembolic events. Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than…

…is to scrutinize potential cardiac sources of emboli and to evaluate the carotid and cerebral arteries. Ultrasound may reveal atherosclerotic plaques, thrombi, occlusions, and dissections…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…minutes) from circulatory collapse to initiation of CPR. During no flow there is no cerebral perfusion and brain damage progresses rapidly. Low flow : The circulation …

…and can arise from a range of injuries. Any trauma impairing ventilation or gas exchange can cause hypoxia. Such traumas include cerebral, facial, airway and…

…option). 10.0–20.0 μg/kg/min ++++ ++++ ++ +++++ High dose dopamine additionally induces α1 stimulation and thereby vasoconstriction with a marked rise in SVR…

…avoid cyanide toxicity. • Dose dependent reduction in coronary and renal perfusion. • Dose dependent elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and reduction in cerebral blood flow. Caution …

…with stroke risk factors, but this benefit was accompanied by increased serious gastrointestinal bleeding and a non significant increase in cerebral haemorrhage. Bleeding outcomes The…

…develop premature CAD. Symptoms therefore depend on the vascular territory involved and may include manifestations of coronary, cerebral or peripheral arterial disease, although the source…

…deterioration in renal function and urinary abnormalities. Malignant hypertension may cause acute microangiopathy, with renal, retinal, and cerebral involvement. Catecholamine excess and drug related presentations…

…and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe acute aortic regurgitation, coronary malperfusion, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, shock and cerebral…

…Cerebral circulatory autoregulation is also disturbed. This helps explain the neurological manifestations of preeclampsia and the potential for stroke even at blood pressure levels that…

…Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress. Alcohol abuse. Physical inactivity. Unhealthy diet. Cerebral / peripheral vascular disease. Cancer. Acute coronary syndromes cause symptoms…

…of brain injuries is anoxic cell death, continued dysfunction in cerebral blood flow (autoregulation) after ROSC and cerebral hypoperfusion. Myocardial dysfunction is defined by stunning…