…cordis Contusio cordis refers to a contusion of the myocardium, greater vessels or valves, due to a direct, non penetrating traumatic blow to the chest…

…crucial events and factors: Cause of cardiac arrest : Shockable rhythms (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia) are mostly due to acute myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction…

…to exclude or verify the following potentially life threatening causes of chest pain: Ischemic heart disease : stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction…

…is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. The risk associated with asymptomatic disease depends substantially on stenosis severity…

…or antithrombotic drugs Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Patient selection Aspirin should not be prescribed routinely to individuals without established ASCVD. Selection requires simultaneous consideration of…

…deterioration or resulted from it. AF has important consequences beyond the arrhythmia itself. It may cause symptoms and impaired quality of life, contribute to heart…

…cerebral vascular disease or peripheral vascular disease. A family history of premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related to cholesterol deposition…

…requires attention to the type of stroke and the possibility of thrombolytic treatment. Cardiac and pulmonary complications Acute hypertension may precipitate myocardial ischemia or infarction…

…coronary and cerebral perfusion, and ventilation of the lungs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ substantially from normal circumstances. The purpose of CPR is to create…

…dilated, light unresponsive pupils are indicative of cerebral anoxia or brain death and constitute an adverse prognostic sign. Notably, the presence of dilated, nonreactive pupils…

…management: 1. Does the patient have severe neurological symptoms that may be due to the hyponatraemia? 2. Is the hyponatraemia acute or chronic? Severe symptoms…

…intravenous drugs. Such treatment has not been shown to improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral hypoperfusion. Pain…

…instability and hypertension [4]. Step 2: look systematically for acute organ damage Organ or condition Findings to look for Initial investigation : : : CNS Confusion, reduced consciousness…

…MAP ≥ 65 mmHg 80–85 mmHg in chronic hypertension or when there are signs of inadequate perfusion Urine output 0.5 mL/kg/h Lactate…

…Dobutamine Cardiogenic shock Bradycardia (second line therapy) Stress testing (due to induced increase in myocardial O 2 consumption) Regular : 2.0–20 μg/kg…

…Time to onset of action: 2 to 5 minutes Duration of action: 5 to 10 minutes. Adverse effects Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia (due to reflex…

…Ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral artery is occluded due to local atherothrombosis or occlusion due to embolization. Approximately 30% of all ischemic strokes are…

…Dobutamine Cardiogenic shock Bradycardia (second line therapy) Stress testing (due to induced increase in myocardial O 2 consumption) Regular : 2.0–20 μg/kg…

…start of CPR to ROSC or end of resuscitation attempts. Efficient CPR generates approximately 25% of normal cardiac output, which postpones or mitigates cerebral injuries…

…Nitroprusside Figure 1. The approximate position of each drug according to its vasoconstrictor effect (vertical axis) and its positive inotropic effect (horizontal axis). Grey =…

…ICP) and reduction in cerebral blood flow. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with high intracranial pressure or azotemia. • Should not be given to pregnant women…

…compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe acute aortic regurgitation, coronary malperfusion, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, shock and cerebral or…

…comprise chronic or pre existing hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. Collectively, they affect approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and are major contributors to maternal…

…if feasible, be transferred to such centers. Post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) Post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) emerges after ROSC or initiation of ECMO. The…