CPR The forces that drive coronary and cerebral perfusion, and ventilation of the lungs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ substantially from normal circumstances. The purpose…

…a brisk reflex), whereas low light causes dilation. This reflex is highly sensitive to brainstem integrity and cerebral perfusion. During cardiac arrest, circulation to the…

…there is no cerebral perfusion, with an equal degree of hypoxia in all neurons. There is one fundamental difference between neurons and myocardium in the…

…chronic with respect to the correction limits The brain adapts to prolonged hypotonicity by extruding electrolytes and organic osmolytes. This adaptation reduces the cerebral oedema…

…cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. The risk associated with asymptomatic disease depends substantially on stenosis severity and…

…rapidly with intravenous drugs. Such treatment has not been shown to improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral…

…oral treatment and ensure follow up. Rapid lowering can worsen cerebral, coronary and renal perfusion, particularly in patients with long standing hypertension and a rightward…

…traumatic brain injury Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) 60–70 mmHg CPP = MAP − ICP RASS −2 to 0 Lightly sedated to awake and calm CAM…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…effects Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia (due to reflex sympathetic activation). Nausea. Vomiting. Flushing. Palpitations. Tolerance with prolonged use. Methemoglobinemia. Hypoxemia. Caution Proceed with caution in…

…stroke and other thromboembolic events. Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain. Patients with AF…

…with stroke or TIA. The purpose of performing an ultrasound is to scrutinize potential cardiac sources of emboli and to evaluate the carotid and cerebral…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…minutes) from circulatory collapse to initiation of CPR. During no flow there is no cerebral perfusion and brain damage progresses rapidly. Low flow : The circulation …

…and can arise from a range of injuries. Any trauma impairing ventilation or gas exchange can cause hypoxia. Such traumas include cerebral, facial, airway and…

…μg/kg/min + ++++ + +++++ Intermediate dose dopamine activates β1, releases noradrenaline and thereby increases contractility and chronotropy, with a slight rise in SVR. Ventricular arrhythmias…

…in coronary and renal perfusion. • Dose dependent elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and reduction in cerebral blood flow. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with high…

…particularly among women with stroke risk factors, but this benefit was accompanied by increased serious gastrointestinal bleeding and a non significant increase in cerebral haemorrhage…

…particularly informative when it occurs before age 45 years. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia HoFH typically presents with: Extensive cutaneous and tendon xanthomas. Markedly elevated LDL C…

…deterioration in renal function and urinary abnormalities. Malignant hypertension may cause acute microangiopathy, with renal, retinal, and cerebral involvement. Catecholamine excess and drug related presentations…

…with or without extension into the arch or descending aorta. Stanford type B: does not involve the ascending aorta and includes dissections involving the arch…

…preeclampsia with severe features during the subsequent two weeks. Cerebral circulatory autoregulation is also disturbed. This helps explain the neurological manifestations of preeclampsia and the…

…patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical…

…angiography with the intent to perform PCI. The decision to transfer the patient to the ICU or CCU depends on the system of care and…