…a risk of developing tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy. In pediatric populations, a distinct form of atrial tachycardia may occur due to embryological remnants within the atrial…

…is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure, dyspnea). Most individuals, however, do experience symptoms and th

…is due to the vulnerability caused by marked local differences in repolarization. This article is part of the comprehensive chapter: How to read and interpret…

…difficult to palpate apex beat [10]. Despite congestive heart failure, a third or fourth heart sound is rarely heard due to restrictive pathophysiology and impaired…

…aortic valve itself, due to the reduced area of the valvular orifice. Both aortic stenosis and hypertension result in increased ventricular load, which the ventricle…

…and occasionally pathological Q waves. Troponin levels are often mildly elevated. Hence, takotsubo cardiomyopathy cannot be differentiated from ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Due to…

…may indicate underlying arrhythmias. Age : Younger patients are generally at higher risk of SCD due to the progressive nature of HCM. By combining these factors…

…block (LPFB) Left posterior fascicular block is much less common than LAFB. This is due to the fact that the posterior fascicle is larger and

…any change in their QRS appearance. Such conduction delays may be due to myocardial fibrosis, amyloidosis, cardiomyopathy or hypertrophy. Prognosis of nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay…

…stenosis, aortic regurgitation, hypertension, cardiomyopathy and coarctation of the aorta. There are several ECG indexes, which generally have high diagnostic specificity but low sensitivity. These…