…configuration and adequacy of collateral channels. Additional features associated with greater difficulty include a previously failed attempt, a blunt proximal stump, vessel bending, calcification and…

…and spotty calcification. However, the concept has important limitations. Although thin capped fibroatheromas may have imaging characteristics associated with rupture, fewer than 5% of such…

…tortuosity Calcification Plaque rupture or asymmetric filling defects Serial lesions Vessel size The relationship of the lesion to side branches The extent and distribution of…

…or visceral, adipose tissue is more closely related to insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease than total adiposity alone. The waist…

…diameter A high degree of residual stenosis Long lesion length Diabetes Untreated edge dissection DES have reduced restenosis compared with BMS, and newer generation DES…

…infarction; extensive vascular calcification; female sex; low body mass index; larger arterial sheaths; greater intensity of procedural anticoagulation; complex coronary anatomy and technically difficult PCI…

…atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds…

…stiffness and accelerated medial calcification related to disturbed calcium–phosphate metabolism. Patients with advanced CKD are particularly vulnerable to structural cardiac abnormalities, HF and sudden…

…dyspnoea, and the presence of risk factors or previously identified coronary calcification. Age and sex remain important determinants of the expected prevalence of obstructive CAD…

…The extracellular matrix is an active component of lesion development rather than merely a structural scaffold. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts contribute to matrix production…