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Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…limb salvage. Evaluation and physical examination ALI requires immediate clinical assessment by a vascular specialist or urgent transfer to a facility with vascular expertise. The…

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After PCI and CABG

…intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is classified within the universal MI framework as follows: Type 4a MI: MI related to PCI…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…WHF) collaborated to redefine MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…scaffold thrombosis Type 4c MI caused by restenosis Type 5 MI associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Types 4b and 4c fulfil the criteria…

The PR Interval & PR segment

…atria and the ventricles. Accessory pathways enable the atrial impulse to bypass the AV node and thereby the impulse delay in the AV node. Therefore…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…disease (CAD) refers to clinically significant atherosclerotic disease affecting two or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease…

Sudden cardiac arrest: Case 3

CPR Sex : Male Age : 62 years History : Coronary bypass grafting; history of arrhythmias. Medications : beta blockers ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by ventricular tachycardia (VT…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…variables. This updated version improves predictive accuracy for 10 year mortality and 5 year MACE, offering a more personalized approach to revascularization strategy. For instance…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including attempted recanalization of a chronic total coronary occlusion. Angina or ischaemia with non obstructive…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…safety, reduced repeat revascularization, and broadened the range of lesions amenable to PCI. Stent selection must nevertheless be integrated with lesion anatomy, clinical presentation, bleeding…

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