…to clinically significant atherosclerotic disease affecting two or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left…

CPR Sex : Male Age : 62 years History : Coronary bypass grafting; history of arrhythmias. Medications : beta blockers ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by ventricular tachycardia (VT…

…created to address the need for a standardized method to evaluate the anatomical complexity of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main…

…antegrade myocardial perfusion in the absence of a flow limiting epicardial stenosis. It is associated particularly with intervention on degenerated saphenous vein grafts, rotational atherectomy…

…coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including attempted recanalization of a chronic total coronary occlusion. Angina or ischaemia with non obstructive…

…by rhabdomyolysis, with potential renal failure and increased mortality. Clinical presentation and symptoms Symptoms commonly develop rapidly, often within an hour of arterial occlusion. The…

…safety, reduced repeat revascularization, and broadened the range of lesions amenable to PCI. Stent selection must nevertheless be integrated with lesion anatomy, clinical presentation, bleeding…

…arterial obstruction that has persisted for at least 30 days. CTOs are common among patients undergoing coronary angiography, with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to…

…Relative contraindications Known obstructive left main coronary artery stenosis Moderate to severe aortic stenosis with uncertain relation to symptoms Tachyarrhythmias with uncontrolled ventricular rates Acquired…

…is immense and the procedure may be used in numerous situations, ranging from health screening to assessment of symptoms after coronary artery bypass surgery. Traditionally…

…bypass non PCI centres to a PCI capable centre. I C Reperfusion therapy Management Recommendation Level of evidence Reperfusion is indicated in all patients with…

…In diabetes, carotid plaque prevalence correlates linearly with diabetes and carotid atherosclerosis tends to be more advanced than in people without diabetes. Carotid disease is…

…non cardiac conditions (such as renal failure). To establish a diagnosis of MI, acute myocardial injury must be coupled with clinical evidence of acute myocardial…

…scaffold thrombosis Type 4c MI caused by restenosis Type 5 MI associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Types 4b and 4c fulfil the criteria…

…and after revascularization procedures (PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]). Stress testing is used to establish the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease as well…

…atria and the ventricles. Accessory pathways enable the atrial impulse to bypass the AV node and thereby the impulse delay in the AV node. Therefore…