…and treatment goals Diabetes, left ventricular function and other comorbidities Surgical risk and contraindications to prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy Patient preferences, local expertise and operator…

…MACE, offering a more personalized approach to revascularization strategy. For instance, SYNTAX Score II includes factors like age, creatinine clearance, and left ventricular ejection fraction…

…choice between PCI, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and medical therapy should incorporate the clinical profile, coronary anatomy, left ventricular ejection fraction, procedural factors and…

…or deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate testing Relative contraindications Known obstructive left main…

CPR Sex : Male Age : 62 years History : Coronary bypass grafting; history of arrhythmias. Medications : beta blockers ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by ventricular tachycardia (VT…

…intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is classified within the universal MI framework as follows: Type 4a MI: MI related to PCI…

…It is defined by symptoms lasting more than 3 months and attributable to established reversible myocardial ischaemia in either of two settings: Obstructive coronary artery…

…ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available blood flow…

…the relative merits of PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Definition and Pathophysiology From balloon angioplasty to coronary stents Balloon angioplasty was initially limited…

…is immense and the procedure may be used in numerous situations, ranging from health screening to assessment of symptoms after coronary artery bypass surgery. Traditionally…

…trained and equipped to identify STEMI and administer fibrinolysis if necessary. I C If possible, patients should bypass non PCI centres to a PCI capable…

…manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. The risk associated…

…American Heart Association (AHA), and World Heart Federation (WHF) collaborated to redefine MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition…

…injury. Myocardial injury Myocardial injury is defined by at least one cardiac troponin (cTn) concentration above the assay specific 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL)…

…and after revascularization procedures (PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]). Stress testing is used to establish the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease as well…

…atrioventricular (AV) node to conduct the atrial impulse to the ventricles. As the conductivity diminishes, the PR interval becomes longer. The upper normal limit is…